Information Horizon of Solar Active Regions

Abstract Information theory is used to characterize the solar active region periodicities and memories from Carrington map images 1974–2021. The regions typically evolve move one next. In order track these structures in sequences of images, an innovative method based on information developed. Image entropy provides a measure organization images. can also be as filter identify partition regions, which are then registered for each image. partitions compute mutual flow image Finally, conditional give another given third results suggest following: (1) there long-term memory two cycles or more; (2) coherence time ∼2 yr; (3) average structure scale size carrying most approximately 118 × 10 3 –236 Mm 2 . study has implications short- predictability sunspots well nature flux transport at Sun. our similarly applied stellar data determine dynamics stars.